COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NUTRITIONAL, CLIMATIC AND ECONOMICAL FACTORS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SILKWORM (Bombyx mori L.)
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Mar 17, 2021
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44-52
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KALPNA SUDAN
Department of Sericulture, Poonch Campus, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 185101, India.
RUBIA BUKHARI
Department of Sericulture, Poonch Campus, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 185101, India.
Abstract
Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is a monophagous insect, feeding exclusively on the mulberry leaves (Morus spp.) and an important plant forming the backbone of sericulture industry. Silkworm is gregarious in habit and it grows ten thousand times in weight from hatching to seriposition. Single worm eats about 20g of leaf throughout its larval life with 90 per cent of it in the last two instars to produce large quantity of silk. Mulberry leaf solely contributes about 38.20 per cent towards successful rearing/quality cocoon production, besides environmental conditions which contributes about 37.00 per cent. Better the quality of mulberry leaves greater are the possibilities of obtaining good cocoon crops. Since the production of good quality cocoons depends on providing good quality leaves to silkworm, the development of superior quality leaf has become one of the prime objectives in mulberry breeding programme. The present review paper discuss in details about the comparative role of various nutritional, climatic and economic factors on growth and development of silkworm and it also indicates future strategies to be taken for the management various climatic and nutritional factors for successful cocoon crop in Jammu and Kashmir.
Keywords:
Nutritional factors, climatic factors, silkworm, economical factors and rearing management.
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How to Cite
SUDAN, K., & BUKHARI, R. (2021). COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NUTRITIONAL, CLIMATIC AND ECONOMICAL FACTORS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SILKWORM (Bombyx mori L.). UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, 42(4), 44-52. Retrieved from https://www.mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/1972
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Review Article
References
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Bongale UD, Chaluvachari Mallikarjunappa RS, Narahari Rao BV, Anantharaman MN, Dandin SB. Leaf nutritive quality associated with maturity levels in fourteen important varieties of mulberry (Morus spp.). Sericologia. 1997;37(1):71-81.
Opender Koul, Tikku K, Saxena BP, Atal CK. Growth and silk production in bombyx mori l. Fed on three different varieties of mulberry. Indian j. Seric. 1979;18(1):1-5.
Thangamani R, Vivekanandan M. Physiological studies and leaf nutrient analysis in the evaluation of best mulberry varieties. Sericologia. 1984;24:317–324.
Bari A, Qaiyyum MA, Ahamed SU. Correlation studies in mulberry which show Morus alba, India. J. Seri. 1989;28(1):11-16.
Nagaraju. Application of genetic principles in improving silk production. Current science. 2002;83(4):409-415.
Das bC, Sikdar AK. Evaluation of some improved strains of mulberry by feeding experiment. Indian j. Seric. 1970;9(1):26-30.
Purohit KM, Pawan Kumar. Influence of various agronomical practices in India on leaf quality in mulberry: a review. Serciologia. 1996;36(1):27-39.
Ravi kumar C. Western ghats as a bivoltine region prospects challenges and strategies of its development. Indian Silk. 1988;26(9):39-54.
Babu MAS. Expression of mixed age characteristics in the developmental marker events of the silkworm, bombyx mori l. Ph. D thesis. Shri Krishna Devaraya University, Anantpur, India; 2014.
Gangwar SK. The impact of varietal feeding of 8 mulberry varieties on bombyx mori l. Agrick Boil J North Am. 2010;1:350-354.
Tasleem. Comparative evaluation of silk-yield of bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) Race nb4d2 mediated on various varieties of mulberry during spring season in jammu division. Department of Zoology, Govt. College for Women, Parade, Jammu: 180001, J & K; 2017.
Krishnaswami S, Ahsan M, Sriharam TP. Studies on quality of mulberry leaves and silkworm cocoon crop production, part 2. Quality difference due to maturity. Ind. J. Seric. 1970;9:11-17.
Machi H, Katagiri k. Varietal differences in food value of mulberry leaves with special reference to production efficiency of cocoon shell. J. Seric. Science., Japan. 1990;59(1):34-48.
Sharma B, Badan P, Tara JS. Comparative consumption, utilization, pupation percent and silk production in silkworms (bombyx mori l.) Fed on Various Varieties of Mulberry Existing in Jammu Division of Jammu and Kashmir State. Sericologia. 1986;26(4):419-21.
Bheemanna C, Govindan R, Ashoka J, Narayanaswamy TK. Effect of mulberry varieties on pupal and allied traits of some bivoltine silkworm races. Karnataka J. of agricul. Sci. 1989;2(3):192-198.
Takano K, Arai N. Studies on the food value on the basis of feeding and cocoon productivity in the silkworm (bombyx mori l.) Treatment of food intake and cocoon productivity. Journal of Sericulture Science of Japan. 1978;47(1):134-142.
Sudo Sho Y, Okajima T. The relation between the leaf quality at different leaf order on silkworm cocoon quality. Journal of Sericulture Sciences. 1981;50(4):306-310.
Pandey ND, Yadav DR, Teotia TRS. Effect of different food plants on the larval development on Diacrisia obliqua (walk). Indian J. Ent. 1968;30(3):229-234.
Bongale UD, Chaluvachari. Evaluation of 8 mulberry germplasm varieties by leaf biochemical and bioassay moulting studies. Sericologia. 1995;35:83-94.
Ueda S. Theory of the growth of silkworm larvae and its applications. Jarq. 1982;15(3):180-184.
Petkov M, Dona M. The composition and digestibility of nutrients in leaves of different mulberry varieties in silkworm trials zn. Volnov’D. Naudi. 1979;16:113-117.
Machi H, Katagiri K. Varietal differences in nutritive value of mulberry leaves for rearing silkworms. Jpn Agric Res Q. 1991;25:202-208.
Sarkar A, Fujita H. Better technique for nutritive evaluation of mulberry leaves for silkworm (Bombyx mori l.). Indian Journal of Sericulture. 1994;33(1):19-22.
Saratchandra B, Rajanna L, Philomena KL, Paramesh C, Ramesh SP, Jayappa T, Sabitha MG. An evaluation of elite mulberry varieties for good yield and quality through bioassay. Sericologia. 1992;32(1):127-134.
Krishnaswami S, Kumararai S, Vijayaraghavan K. Silkworm feeding trials for evaluating the quality of mulberry leaves as influenced by variety, spacing and nitrogen fixation. Indian J. Seric. 1971;10:79-90.
Sengupta K, Mukherjee SK, Sikdar AK, Mustafi JC, Sengupta D. A coordinated study on the effect of variety, spacing in cultivation and levels of nitrogen fertilization of mulberry on the cocoon yield and cocoon characters of multivoltine silkworm, (Bombyx mori l.). Indian j. Seric. 1973;12:39-45.
Krishnaswami S. New technology of silkworm rearing. Bulletin no. 2, central seri-cultural research and training institute, mysore, India. 1978;4-8.
Krishnaswami S. New technology of silkworm rearing. Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India; 1986.
Benchamin KV, Nagaraj CS. Silkworm rearing techniques, in: appropriate sericulture techniques, ed. By m.s. Jolly, chapter-4, ictrts, Mysore, India. 1987;63-106.
Dar HU, Singh PT, Das BC. Evaluation of mulberry varieties by feeding to Bombyx mori l. Indian j. Seric. 1988;27(1):16-22.
Shyamala MB, visweswara gowda BL, Vincent Monterio P. Nutritive value of the local m5 (k2) varieties of mulberry. All india symposium on seri. Sci. Uas, Bangalore, (abstract). 1978;54.
Narayanaprakash R, Periyasamy K, Radhakrishnan S. Effect of dietary water content on food utilization and silk production in Bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera : bombycidae). Indian j. Seric. 1985;24(1):12-17.
Govindan R, Magadum SB, Bhemanna C, Narayanaswamy TK. Influence of mulberry varieties on cocoon weight, ovariole length, ovariole egg number and fecundity in silkworm (Bombyx mori l.). Sericologia. 1987;27:25-30.
Bheemanna C. Performance of bivoltine breeds of silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) On different varieties of mulberry. Ph. D thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore; 1988.
Das PK, Vijayaraghavan K. Studies on the effect of different mulberry varieties and seasons on the larval development and cocoon characters of silkworm (bombyx mori l.) Indian j. Seric. 1990;29(1):44-53.
Tayade DS, Jawale MD, Unchegaonkar PK. Evaluation of some improved strains of mulberry by feeding experiment under marathwada conditions. Indian Journal of Sericulture. 1988;22(2):92- 94.
Krishnaswami S. Improved method of rearing young age (chawki) silkworms, bulletin no. 2, central silk board, Bangalore, India. 1990;1-24.
Giridhar k, Lakshmanan S, Benchamin KV, Sengupta k. Performance of local and kanva-2 mulberry varieties in respect of leaf and cocoon yields at farmer‘s level. Indian j. Sericulture. 1990;29(2):219- 226.
Giridhar K, Reddy SN. Effective rate of rearing in bivoltine silkworm, Bombyx mori breeds on different mulberry, morus sp. Varieties, Indian J. Seric. 1991;30(1):88-90.
Suresh kumar N, Yamamoto T. Maternal effect of resistance to high temperature in f1 hybrids between polyvoltine and bivoltine silkworm race. Abstr., annual sericulture conference, November 9-10, Nigata, Japan; 1995.
Suresh kumar N, Yamamoto T, Basavaraja HK, Datta RK. Studies on the effect of high temperature on f1 hybrids between polyvoltine and bivoltine silkworm races of bombyx mori l. Int. J. Indus. Entomol. 2001;2(2):123-127.
Fotadar RK, Dandin SB. Chemical composition and feeding studies of different elite mulberry genotypes under temperate conditions. Indian Journal of Sericulture. 1997;36(1):22-26.
Pillai SV, Jolly MS. An evaluation of the quality of mulberry varieties reared under hill conditions and crop result of Bombyx mori l; 1985.
Shiva kumar C, Sekharappa BM, Sarangi SK. Influence of temperature and leaf quality on the rearing performance of silkworm, (Bombyx mori l.). Indian j. Seric. 1997;36(2):116-120.
Agastian P, Kingsley SJ, Vivekanandan M. Response of mulberry genotypes in different seasons under coastal salinity. In moriculture in trophics. Proc. Natl. Semi. Tropical seri. december, 28-30, Bangalore, India. 1999;18-22.
Mallikarjunappa RS, Venkateshaiah HV, Bongale UD, Chandrakala MV, Chaluvachari. Evaluation of improved mulberry genotypes for production of leaf suitable for young age silkworm rearing, with annual 12 leaf harvest schedule. Indian J. Seric. 2000;39(2):122-126.
Masilamani S, Sarkar A, Jayaswal kP, Sudhakaran M, Datta RK. Regional adaptation of v1 mulberry genotypes in the hill areas. Natl. Conf. Stra. Seric. Res Devpt., CSR & TI, Mysore, India. 2000;12.
Patil CS, Jyothi NB, Das CMS. Silkworm fecal pellets examination as diagnostic method for detecting pebrine. Indian Silk. 2001;39:11-12.
Lalfelpuii R, Choudhury bN, Gurusubramanian G, Kumar NS. Effect of different mulberry plant varieties on growth and economic parameters of the silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) In mizoram. Science vision. 2014;14(1):34-38.
Sujathamma P, Dandin SB, Savitri G. Quality evaluation of mulberry (Morus spp.) Genotypes through bioassay under rayalaseema conditions of andhra pradesh. Indian J. Seri. 2001;40:27-34.
Malik GN, Kamali AS, Wani SA, Dar HU, Raies Ahmed and Sofi AM. Evaluation of some bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) Genotypes. Skuast j. Res. 2002;4:83-87.
Venkatesh M, Rayar SG. Evaluation of bivoltine x bivoltine hybrids of silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) On v-1 and m-5 mulberry varieties under dharward condition. Indian Journal of Sericulture. 2003;42(2):183-185.
Ninge gowda KN, Sudhakar. Studies on the leaf moisture of some exotic mulberry varieties. Advances in Sericulture Research Proceedings of the National Conference on Strategies for Sericulture Research and Development; 2002.
Ninge gowda KN, Sudhakar R. Evaluation of some exotic mulberry genotypes for leaf yield and quality. Bulletin of Indian Academy of Sericulture. 2002;6(2):39-49.
Tikader A, Thangavelu K. Plant diversity, human welfare and conservation (eds. Janarthanam MK, Narasimhan D.), Goa University, Goa. 2002;110-116.
Esfandarani Talebi M, Bahreini R, Tajabadi N. Effect of mulberry leaves moisture on some traits of the silkworm (Bombyx mori l.). Sericologia. 2002;42(2):285-289.
Chakraborti SP, Chakravorty D, Sengupta T, Prathreesh Kumar PM. Primary evaluation of new mulberry lines for their yield and quality bioassay: annual report, 19-21. Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Berhampore, West Bengal; 2004.
Dandin SB, Kumaresan P, Geetha Devi RG. Sericulture technology dissemination – a model approach. Indian Silk. 2005;44(7):5-8.
Durgadevi GVL, Prasad B, Muralimohan P. Influence of mulberry varieties on larval growth of silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) Proc. Of natl. Sem., on Scenario of Seri., in India. 2005;25-26.
Venkataramana P, Reddy PS, Rao TVSS, Reddy DC, Sarkar PC, Dandin SB. Studies on the comparative performance of victory -1, s36 and kanva-2 mulberry genotypes and their impact on silkworm rearing under telangana conditions of Andhra Pradesh. Proc. of natl. Sem. On Scenario of Seri. in India. 2005;25- 26.
Rajkhowa G, Chakravorthy R, Hazarika V, Saratchandra B. Performance evaluation of improved mulberry genotypes through morphological and rearing parameters in relation to leaf yield potential and cocoon crop yield. Bulletin of Indian Academy of Sericulture. 2005;9(1):30-37.
Bohidar K, Sahoo BS, Singh DK. Effect of different varieties of mulberry leaves on economic parameters of the silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) Under orissa climate. Bull. Ind. Acad. Sci. 2007;11: 60-64.
Khan IL, malik GN, Dar HU, Baqual MF, Malik MA, Raja TA. Evaluation of some mulberry (Morus spp.) Genotypes through chemo and bio-assay under temperate conditions of Kashmir. Indian Journal of Sericulture. 2007;46(2):96-102.
Jalaja Kumar S, Ram Rao DM. Characterization of seven mulberry genotypes for their leaf quality and bioassay with silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) Sericologia. 2008;48(1):85-93.
Tikader A, Qadri SMH. Rearing performance of 10 elite mulberry (Morus spp.) Genotype. Indian J. Seric. 2009;48(1):68-71.
Bongale UD, Chaluvachari Mallikarjunappa RS, Narahari Rao BV, Anantharaman MN, Dandin SB. Leaf nutritive quality associated with maturity levels in fourteen important varieties of mulberry (Morus spp.). Sericologia. 1997;37(1):71-81.
Opender Koul, Tikku K, Saxena BP, Atal CK. Growth and silk production in bombyx mori l. Fed on three different varieties of mulberry. Indian j. Seric. 1979;18(1):1-5.
Thangamani R, Vivekanandan M. Physiological studies and leaf nutrient analysis in the evaluation of best mulberry varieties. Sericologia. 1984;24:317–324.
Bari A, Qaiyyum MA, Ahamed SU. Correlation studies in mulberry which show Morus alba, India. J. Seri. 1989;28(1):11-16.
Nagaraju. Application of genetic principles in improving silk production. Current science. 2002;83(4):409-415.
Das bC, Sikdar AK. Evaluation of some improved strains of mulberry by feeding experiment. Indian j. Seric. 1970;9(1):26-30.
Purohit KM, Pawan Kumar. Influence of various agronomical practices in India on leaf quality in mulberry: a review. Serciologia. 1996;36(1):27-39.
Ravi kumar C. Western ghats as a bivoltine region prospects challenges and strategies of its development. Indian Silk. 1988;26(9):39-54.
Babu MAS. Expression of mixed age characteristics in the developmental marker events of the silkworm, bombyx mori l. Ph. D thesis. Shri Krishna Devaraya University, Anantpur, India; 2014.
Gangwar SK. The impact of varietal feeding of 8 mulberry varieties on bombyx mori l. Agrick Boil J North Am. 2010;1:350-354.
Tasleem. Comparative evaluation of silk-yield of bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) Race nb4d2 mediated on various varieties of mulberry during spring season in jammu division. Department of Zoology, Govt. College for Women, Parade, Jammu: 180001, J & K; 2017.
Krishnaswami S, Ahsan M, Sriharam TP. Studies on quality of mulberry leaves and silkworm cocoon crop production, part 2. Quality difference due to maturity. Ind. J. Seric. 1970;9:11-17.
Machi H, Katagiri k. Varietal differences in food value of mulberry leaves with special reference to production efficiency of cocoon shell. J. Seric. Science., Japan. 1990;59(1):34-48.
Sharma B, Badan P, Tara JS. Comparative consumption, utilization, pupation percent and silk production in silkworms (bombyx mori l.) Fed on Various Varieties of Mulberry Existing in Jammu Division of Jammu and Kashmir State. Sericologia. 1986;26(4):419-21.
Bheemanna C, Govindan R, Ashoka J, Narayanaswamy TK. Effect of mulberry varieties on pupal and allied traits of some bivoltine silkworm races. Karnataka J. of agricul. Sci. 1989;2(3):192-198.
Takano K, Arai N. Studies on the food value on the basis of feeding and cocoon productivity in the silkworm (bombyx mori l.) Treatment of food intake and cocoon productivity. Journal of Sericulture Science of Japan. 1978;47(1):134-142.
Sudo Sho Y, Okajima T. The relation between the leaf quality at different leaf order on silkworm cocoon quality. Journal of Sericulture Sciences. 1981;50(4):306-310.
Pandey ND, Yadav DR, Teotia TRS. Effect of different food plants on the larval development on Diacrisia obliqua (walk). Indian J. Ent. 1968;30(3):229-234.
Bongale UD, Chaluvachari. Evaluation of 8 mulberry germplasm varieties by leaf biochemical and bioassay moulting studies. Sericologia. 1995;35:83-94.
Ueda S. Theory of the growth of silkworm larvae and its applications. Jarq. 1982;15(3):180-184.
Petkov M, Dona M. The composition and digestibility of nutrients in leaves of different mulberry varieties in silkworm trials zn. Volnov’D. Naudi. 1979;16:113-117.
Machi H, Katagiri K. Varietal differences in nutritive value of mulberry leaves for rearing silkworms. Jpn Agric Res Q. 1991;25:202-208.
Sarkar A, Fujita H. Better technique for nutritive evaluation of mulberry leaves for silkworm (Bombyx mori l.). Indian Journal of Sericulture. 1994;33(1):19-22.
Saratchandra B, Rajanna L, Philomena KL, Paramesh C, Ramesh SP, Jayappa T, Sabitha MG. An evaluation of elite mulberry varieties for good yield and quality through bioassay. Sericologia. 1992;32(1):127-134.
Krishnaswami S, Kumararai S, Vijayaraghavan K. Silkworm feeding trials for evaluating the quality of mulberry leaves as influenced by variety, spacing and nitrogen fixation. Indian J. Seric. 1971;10:79-90.
Sengupta K, Mukherjee SK, Sikdar AK, Mustafi JC, Sengupta D. A coordinated study on the effect of variety, spacing in cultivation and levels of nitrogen fertilization of mulberry on the cocoon yield and cocoon characters of multivoltine silkworm, (Bombyx mori l.). Indian j. Seric. 1973;12:39-45.
Krishnaswami S. New technology of silkworm rearing. Bulletin no. 2, central seri-cultural research and training institute, mysore, India. 1978;4-8.
Krishnaswami S. New technology of silkworm rearing. Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India; 1986.
Benchamin KV, Nagaraj CS. Silkworm rearing techniques, in: appropriate sericulture techniques, ed. By m.s. Jolly, chapter-4, ictrts, Mysore, India. 1987;63-106.
Dar HU, Singh PT, Das BC. Evaluation of mulberry varieties by feeding to Bombyx mori l. Indian j. Seric. 1988;27(1):16-22.
Shyamala MB, visweswara gowda BL, Vincent Monterio P. Nutritive value of the local m5 (k2) varieties of mulberry. All india symposium on seri. Sci. Uas, Bangalore, (abstract). 1978;54.
Narayanaprakash R, Periyasamy K, Radhakrishnan S. Effect of dietary water content on food utilization and silk production in Bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera : bombycidae). Indian j. Seric. 1985;24(1):12-17.
Govindan R, Magadum SB, Bhemanna C, Narayanaswamy TK. Influence of mulberry varieties on cocoon weight, ovariole length, ovariole egg number and fecundity in silkworm (Bombyx mori l.). Sericologia. 1987;27:25-30.
Bheemanna C. Performance of bivoltine breeds of silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) On different varieties of mulberry. Ph. D thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore; 1988.
Das PK, Vijayaraghavan K. Studies on the effect of different mulberry varieties and seasons on the larval development and cocoon characters of silkworm (bombyx mori l.) Indian j. Seric. 1990;29(1):44-53.
Tayade DS, Jawale MD, Unchegaonkar PK. Evaluation of some improved strains of mulberry by feeding experiment under marathwada conditions. Indian Journal of Sericulture. 1988;22(2):92- 94.
Krishnaswami S. Improved method of rearing young age (chawki) silkworms, bulletin no. 2, central silk board, Bangalore, India. 1990;1-24.
Giridhar k, Lakshmanan S, Benchamin KV, Sengupta k. Performance of local and kanva-2 mulberry varieties in respect of leaf and cocoon yields at farmer‘s level. Indian j. Sericulture. 1990;29(2):219- 226.
Giridhar K, Reddy SN. Effective rate of rearing in bivoltine silkworm, Bombyx mori breeds on different mulberry, morus sp. Varieties, Indian J. Seric. 1991;30(1):88-90.
Suresh kumar N, Yamamoto T. Maternal effect of resistance to high temperature in f1 hybrids between polyvoltine and bivoltine silkworm race. Abstr., annual sericulture conference, November 9-10, Nigata, Japan; 1995.
Suresh kumar N, Yamamoto T, Basavaraja HK, Datta RK. Studies on the effect of high temperature on f1 hybrids between polyvoltine and bivoltine silkworm races of bombyx mori l. Int. J. Indus. Entomol. 2001;2(2):123-127.
Fotadar RK, Dandin SB. Chemical composition and feeding studies of different elite mulberry genotypes under temperate conditions. Indian Journal of Sericulture. 1997;36(1):22-26.
Pillai SV, Jolly MS. An evaluation of the quality of mulberry varieties reared under hill conditions and crop result of Bombyx mori l; 1985.
Shiva kumar C, Sekharappa BM, Sarangi SK. Influence of temperature and leaf quality on the rearing performance of silkworm, (Bombyx mori l.). Indian j. Seric. 1997;36(2):116-120.
Agastian P, Kingsley SJ, Vivekanandan M. Response of mulberry genotypes in different seasons under coastal salinity. In moriculture in trophics. Proc. Natl. Semi. Tropical seri. december, 28-30, Bangalore, India. 1999;18-22.
Mallikarjunappa RS, Venkateshaiah HV, Bongale UD, Chandrakala MV, Chaluvachari. Evaluation of improved mulberry genotypes for production of leaf suitable for young age silkworm rearing, with annual 12 leaf harvest schedule. Indian J. Seric. 2000;39(2):122-126.
Masilamani S, Sarkar A, Jayaswal kP, Sudhakaran M, Datta RK. Regional adaptation of v1 mulberry genotypes in the hill areas. Natl. Conf. Stra. Seric. Res Devpt., CSR & TI, Mysore, India. 2000;12.
Patil CS, Jyothi NB, Das CMS. Silkworm fecal pellets examination as diagnostic method for detecting pebrine. Indian Silk. 2001;39:11-12.
Lalfelpuii R, Choudhury bN, Gurusubramanian G, Kumar NS. Effect of different mulberry plant varieties on growth and economic parameters of the silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) In mizoram. Science vision. 2014;14(1):34-38.
Sujathamma P, Dandin SB, Savitri G. Quality evaluation of mulberry (Morus spp.) Genotypes through bioassay under rayalaseema conditions of andhra pradesh. Indian J. Seri. 2001;40:27-34.
Malik GN, Kamali AS, Wani SA, Dar HU, Raies Ahmed and Sofi AM. Evaluation of some bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) Genotypes. Skuast j. Res. 2002;4:83-87.
Venkatesh M, Rayar SG. Evaluation of bivoltine x bivoltine hybrids of silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) On v-1 and m-5 mulberry varieties under dharward condition. Indian Journal of Sericulture. 2003;42(2):183-185.
Ninge gowda KN, Sudhakar. Studies on the leaf moisture of some exotic mulberry varieties. Advances in Sericulture Research Proceedings of the National Conference on Strategies for Sericulture Research and Development; 2002.
Ninge gowda KN, Sudhakar R. Evaluation of some exotic mulberry genotypes for leaf yield and quality. Bulletin of Indian Academy of Sericulture. 2002;6(2):39-49.
Tikader A, Thangavelu K. Plant diversity, human welfare and conservation (eds. Janarthanam MK, Narasimhan D.), Goa University, Goa. 2002;110-116.
Esfandarani Talebi M, Bahreini R, Tajabadi N. Effect of mulberry leaves moisture on some traits of the silkworm (Bombyx mori l.). Sericologia. 2002;42(2):285-289.
Chakraborti SP, Chakravorty D, Sengupta T, Prathreesh Kumar PM. Primary evaluation of new mulberry lines for their yield and quality bioassay: annual report, 19-21. Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Berhampore, West Bengal; 2004.
Dandin SB, Kumaresan P, Geetha Devi RG. Sericulture technology dissemination – a model approach. Indian Silk. 2005;44(7):5-8.
Durgadevi GVL, Prasad B, Muralimohan P. Influence of mulberry varieties on larval growth of silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) Proc. Of natl. Sem., on Scenario of Seri., in India. 2005;25-26.
Venkataramana P, Reddy PS, Rao TVSS, Reddy DC, Sarkar PC, Dandin SB. Studies on the comparative performance of victory -1, s36 and kanva-2 mulberry genotypes and their impact on silkworm rearing under telangana conditions of Andhra Pradesh. Proc. of natl. Sem. On Scenario of Seri. in India. 2005;25- 26.
Rajkhowa G, Chakravorthy R, Hazarika V, Saratchandra B. Performance evaluation of improved mulberry genotypes through morphological and rearing parameters in relation to leaf yield potential and cocoon crop yield. Bulletin of Indian Academy of Sericulture. 2005;9(1):30-37.
Bohidar K, Sahoo BS, Singh DK. Effect of different varieties of mulberry leaves on economic parameters of the silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) Under orissa climate. Bull. Ind. Acad. Sci. 2007;11: 60-64.
Khan IL, malik GN, Dar HU, Baqual MF, Malik MA, Raja TA. Evaluation of some mulberry (Morus spp.) Genotypes through chemo and bio-assay under temperate conditions of Kashmir. Indian Journal of Sericulture. 2007;46(2):96-102.
Jalaja Kumar S, Ram Rao DM. Characterization of seven mulberry genotypes for their leaf quality and bioassay with silkworm (Bombyx mori l.) Sericologia. 2008;48(1):85-93.
Tikader A, Qadri SMH. Rearing performance of 10 elite mulberry (Morus spp.) Genotype. Indian J. Seric. 2009;48(1):68-71.