The Nematodes Menace: A Review of Parasitic Species, Transmission Dynamics and Preventive Measures
K. Amala
*
Department of Microbiology, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur – 635601, Tamil Nadu, India.
K. Swathi
Department of Microbiology, St.Francis College For Women, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500016, Tamil Nadu, India.
M. Krishnaveni
Department of Biochemistry, Nadar Saraswathi College of Arts and Science, Theni – 625 531, Tamil Nadu, India.
R.Shyamala Gowri
Department of Microbiology, Nadar Saraswathi College of Arts and Science, Theni – 625 531, Tamil Nadu, India
R.Premalatha
Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, CMS College of Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Coimbatore – 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Suresh Malakondaiah
Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai-6000073, Tamil Nadu, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This review offers a detailed examination of nematodes, directing specifically on gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes and their consequences for human health. Nematodes, commonly known as roundworms, demonstrate a highly heterogenous groups of multicellular organisms and are responsible for various diseases in humans, particularly in resource-limited settings. The paper explores different types of GI nematodes, their characteristics, symptoms, and transmission pathways, highlighting the significant impacts these parasites can have, such as malnutrition, anemia, and cognitive impairments. Additionally, the manuscript emphasizes the importance of prevention and control strategies, including proper sanitation, personal hygiene, and public awareness, in minimizing the spread of these infections. It discusses the role of anthelmintic medications as a vital part of treatment, while also advocating for a comprehensive approach that incorporates improved living conditions, access to clean water, and health education for effective long-term management of GI nematode infections. Ultimately, this work highlights the necessity for coordinated public health initiatives and ongoing research to alleviate the burdens of GI nematodes and improve health outcomes in at-risk populations.
Keywords: Parasitology, Helminth, Nematodes, GI tract, human health