UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Livestock depredation by leopards is an important conservation and livelihood concern in human-dominated landscapes adjoining the Gir ecosystem of Gujarat, India. This study analysed spatial and temporal patterns of livestock depredation by the leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) in Gir Somnath District using official compensation records maintained by the Gujarat Forest Department from January 2014 to December 2023. A total of 4,721 recorded cases were examined across six administrative talukas. The distribution of cases showed clear spatial clustering, with Una contributing the highest proportion of incidents, followed by Kodinar, Sutrapada and Gir Gadhada. Together, these four talukas accounted for approximately 77% of all recorded depredation cases. Seasonal analysis indicated that depredation was highest during the monsoon season, accounting for 1,880 cases (39.82%), followed by summer with 1,483 cases (31.41%) and winter with 1,358 cases (28.77%). Seasonal variation was statistically significant based on one-way ANOVA. Diel analysis showed that most depredation occurred at night, with 3,874 cases (82.07%) recorded during nocturnal hours, whereas morning, afternoon and evening periods contributed comparatively fewer cases. Category-wise livestock analysis showed that cow calves were the most frequently depredated category, accounting for 2,866 cases (60.71%), followed by goats with 891 cases (18.87%) and buffalo calves with 436 cases (9.24%). These findings indicate that livestock depredation in the study area is spatially clustered and temporally patterned, with higher risk during monsoon months and night-time hours. Strengthening livestock protection in high-risk talukas, particularly for young animals, may help reduce conflict and support coexistence in the Gir landscape.